Spring MVC is a powerful framework for building web applications using the Spring ecosystem. It provides a robust and flexible way to handle HTTP requests, map URLs to controllers, and render views. If you’re preparing for a Spring MVC interview, it’s essential to have a strong understanding of its core concepts, components, and best practices.
In this article, we’ve provided the most frequently asked Spring MVC interview questions and answers. Learn from fdaytalk and crack your job.
Spring MVC interview questions and answers
1. What is Spring MVC?
2. What is the role of the DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC?
3. What is the Model in Spring MVC?
4. Explain the role of the View in Spring MVC.
5. What is the Controller in Spring MVC?
6. How do you define a controller in Spring MVC?
7. What is @RequestMapping in Spring MVC?
8. What is the difference between @RequestParam and @PathVariable in Spring MVC?
9. How does Spring MVC handle exceptions?
10. What is @ControllerAdvice in Spring MVC?
11. How does Spring MVC support RESTful web services?
12. What is the purpose of @ResponseBody in Spring MVC?
13. What is Spring’s ViewResolver?
14. How does Spring MVC handle form data?
15. What is the purpose of @ModelAttribute in Spring MVC?
16. What are Interceptors in Spring MVC?
17. Explain the life cycle of a Spring MVC request.
18. How do you configure Spring MVC using Java-based configuration?
19. What is the role of @EnableWebMvc in Spring MVC?
20. How do you perform validation in Spring MVC?
21. What is @RestController in Spring MVC?
22. Explain Content Negotiation in Spring MVC.
23. What is a Multipart Resolver in Spring MVC?
24. What is Spring Form Tag Library?
25. How do you handle session attributes in Spring MVC?
26. What is HandlerAdapter in Spring MVC?
1. What is Spring MVC?
Answer:
Spring MVC is a module of the Spring Framework used to develop web applications. It implements the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern, separating application logic, presentation, and user input handling. The DispatcherServlet is the front controller in Spring MVC.
2. What is the role of the DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC?
Answer:
The DispatcherServlet is the front controller in Spring MVC. It intercepts incoming HTTP requests, delegates the request to appropriate handlers, and prepares the response by interacting with model and view components.
3. What is the Model in Spring MVC?
Answer:
The Model in Spring MVC holds the application data. It is typically a Java object that gets passed to the View, allowing data to be presented to the user.
4. Explain the role of the View in Spring MVC.
Answer:
The View is responsible for rendering the model data. Commonly used views in Spring MVC are JSP, Thymeleaf, and FreeMarker templates, which convert the model data into the final HTML page or other output format.
5. What is the Controller in Spring MVC?
Answer:
The Controller in Spring MVC is responsible for processing user requests, performing business logic, and returning Model and View information to the DispatcherServlet.
6. How do you define a controller in Spring MVC?
Answer:
Controllers in Spring MVC are defined using the @Controller annotation. Methods inside the controller that handle requests are annotated with @RequestMapping or other request-handling annotations such as @GetMapping or @PostMapping.
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping("/home")
public String home() {
return "home";
}
}
7. What is @RequestMapping in Spring MVC?
Answer:
@RequestMapping is used to map HTTP requests to specific controller methods. It can be used to map a URL pattern, HTTP method, headers, or parameters.
8. What is the difference between @RequestParam and @PathVariable in Spring MVC?
Answer:
@RequestParamis used to extract query parameters from the URL.@PathVariableis used to extract values from the URI itself.
9. How does Spring MVC handle exceptions?
Answer: Spring MVC provides several ways to handle exceptions:
- Use
@ExceptionHandlerwithin a controller. - Use
@ControllerAdviceto handle exceptions globally across controllers. - Use the
HandlerExceptionResolverinterface for custom exception handling.
10. What is @ControllerAdvice in Spring MVC?
Answer:
@ControllerAdvice is a specialized form of @Component that handles exceptions globally for multiple controllers. It can define @ExceptionHandler methods that apply to all controllers in the application.
11. How does Spring MVC support RESTful web services?
Answer: Spring MVC supports RESTful web services through the use of:
@RestController(which is a combination of@Controllerand@ResponseBody)- HTTP method annotations like
@GetMapping,@PostMapping,@PutMapping, and@DeleteMapping @RequestBodyand@ResponseBodyannotations for JSON and XML serialization and deserialization.
12. What is the purpose of @ResponseBody in Spring MVC?
Answer:
@ResponseBody is used to indicate that the return value of a method should be written directly to the HTTP response body, rather than being interpreted as a view name.
13. What is Spring’s ViewResolver?
Answer:
The ViewResolver interface helps resolve view names to actual views (e.g., JSP pages or Thymeleaf templates). For example, the InternalResourceViewResolver is commonly used for resolving JSP views.
14. How does Spring MVC handle form data?
Answer:
Spring MVC handles form data using the @ModelAttribute annotation to bind form fields to a model object. This object is then passed to the view or processed in the controller.
15. What is the purpose of @ModelAttribute in Spring MVC?
Answer:
@ModelAttribute is used to bind request parameters to model objects, making form data available to both the controller and the view.
16. What are Interceptors in Spring MVC?
Answer:
Interceptors allow pre-processing and post-processing of HTTP requests in Spring MVC. They are similar to servlet filters but more powerful and specific to Spring MVC. They implement the HandlerInterceptor interface.
17. Explain the life cycle of a Spring MVC request.
Answer:
- Request is intercepted by the
DispatcherServlet. - The
DispatcherServletconsults theHandlerMappingto determine which controller will handle the request. - The
Controllerprocesses the request and returns aModelAndView. - The
ViewResolverresolves the view name into an actual view. - The view is rendered, and the response is sent back to the client.
18. How do you configure Spring MVC using Java-based configuration?
Answer:
Spring MVC can be configured without XML by using @Configuration and @EnableWebMvc annotations in a class that extends WebMvcConfigurer.
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
// Configuration methods
}
19. What is the role of @EnableWebMvc in Spring MVC?
Answer:
@EnableWebMvc enables default Spring MVC configuration. It sets up the necessary beans and configurations required to build a Spring MVC web application.
20. How do you perform validation in Spring MVC?
Answer:
Spring MVC provides @Valid or @Validated annotations to trigger validation. You can define constraints on the model fields using annotations such as @NotNull, @Size, @Email, etc., provided by the javax.validation package.
21. What is @RestController in Spring MVC?
Answer:
@RestController is a specialized version of @Controller used in RESTful web services. It combines @Controller and @ResponseBody annotations, eliminating the need to annotate each method with @ResponseBody.
22. Explain Content Negotiation in Spring MVC.
Answer:
Content negotiation is a mechanism in Spring MVC that allows clients to specify the desired response format (e.g., JSON, XML). It is managed by the ContentNegotiatingViewResolver.
23. What is a Multipart Resolver in Spring MVC?
Answer:
The MultipartResolver interface is used for handling file uploads in Spring MVC applications. CommonsMultipartResolver is a common implementation that integrates with Apache Commons FileUpload.
24. What is Spring Form Tag Library?
Answer:
Spring Form Tag Library provides custom JSP tags for handling form data in Spring MVC. It simplifies form processing by binding HTML form fields to model objects.
25. How do you handle session attributes in Spring MVC?
Answer:
Session attributes can be handled using @SessionAttributes to store model attributes in the HTTP session. @SessionAttribute can retrieve session attributes in controller methods.
26. What is HandlerAdapter in Spring MVC?
Answer:
The HandlerAdapter interface is responsible for invoking the handler methods after the DispatcherServlet has determined the appropriate controller to handle the request.
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