Telangana History Rashtrakutas Bits for Competitive Exams
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Rashtrakutas King Genealogy
Datidurga(748-758 A.D) Krishna - I (758-772 A.D) Govinda II (772 - 780 A.D) Dhruva Raja or Dhruva (780-792 A.D) Govinda III (793-814 A.D) Amoghavarsha( 814 - 880 A.D) Krishna II (880 -914 A.D) Indra III (914 - 928 A.D) Amoghavarsha II( 928- 929 A.D) Govinda- IV(930 - 936 A.D) Amoghavarsha III( 936 - 939 A.D) Krishna III (967 - 972 A.D) Karkaraja II(972-973 A.D) 1) Rashtrakutas are more prominent in the history of South India. Many districts of Telangana are used to be under the rule of the Rashtrakutas. 2) Rashtrakutas ruled with Manyakheta in the Karnataka region remained as their capital. 3) According to some historians, Rashtrakuta's political life started in Maharashtra. Others argue, Karnataka as Original homeland of Rashtrakutas 4) Dr.Fleet opined Rastrakutas belonged to the Rathor descendants of Northern India. 5) R.G.Bhandarkar opined, Rajjakas of the Mauryan days became Rashtrakutas 6) According to Dr.Barnal, Rashtrakutas were Telugu People and after some time they were called Reddis. 7) Mallampalli SomesekharaSarma opined, remaining as Rattadi or Chariot drivers, Rashtrakutas who later became Reddis of Telugu land. 8) Historian felt that Rashrtakutas is not a name of the race but its employer name because in ancient days, Gramakuta means a village official and in the same way Rashtrakutas might indicate employer name 9) During the Mauryan period, 'Rashtriya' used to be the viceroy of bigger regions like Gujarat and Kathiawar. 10) In the 1st C.E A.D., Rathikas and Maharathikas were governed small regions in Maharashtra and Berar and they established independent Kingdoms as central government became weak 11) Historian opined Rashtrakutas mother tongue might be Kannada because important of Rashtrakutas became chiefs of Lattaluru and Latur in Bidar district is only this Lattaluru in Kannada-Speaking Latur in Bidar district and hence their mother tongue must have been Kannada 12) Rashtrakutas themselves claimed as they originated from satyaki, the brother of Sri Krishna 13) During the time of Badami Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas remained as their Feudatories and might belong to the Rathika family in Maharastra areas or to the Reddi family in Andhra and Karnataka regions. 14) When the Badami Chalukya Kingdom got disintegrated Rashtrakutas established independent Kingdom and within a short time Rashtrakutas became the emperors of Dakshiapatha of South India 15) Rashtrakutas ruled nearly 200 years. Brother of Nannaraju who ruled Ellichpur in 631 A.D is considered as the ancestor of the Rashtrakutas dynasty. 16) Indra Raja-I (696-710 A.D.)was the founder of the Rashtrakutas dynasty and they ruled Manyakheta and Western Telangana areas as the feudatories of the Badami Chalukyas. Note: After Indra Raja I, Govindaraja or Varma-I (710-725 A.D.), Kanakaraja-I(725-735 A.D.) and Indraraja-III (735-748 A.D.) are the feudatories of Badami Chalukyas. 17) The Independent Rashtrakutas Kingdom was established by Dantidurga, he was the son of Indraraja-II. He defeated Kirtivarma-II (735 A.D.), Badami Chalukyan king and established independent Rashtrakutas kingdom. 18) Feudatory of western Chalukyan ruler, Vikramaditya-II, participated in several expeditions and conquered Pallava, Malawa and Gujarat areas 19) Vikramaditya-II gave the titles of ' Prithvivallabha ' and 'Khadgavaloka ' to Dantidurga 20) Dantidurga got titles of 'Maharajadhiraja ', 'ParamaMaheswara ' and 'ParamaBhattaraka ' 21)In 757 AD., Dantidurga conquered Kanchi, Kalinga, Srisalam, Malwa, Lata and Sindhu areas. 22) Inscription of Vayamgadh and inscriptions at Dasavatara temple in Ellora describes Dantidurga great War victories, and 23) Dantidurga invaded Malwa and conquered. He made 'Hiranyagarbha ' donation and declared his victory in Ujjaini 24) Ddantidurga daughter married to Pallava king Nandivarma-II. Within a short period of rule, he established an extensive Rashtrakuta empire and died in 758 A.D. 25) After Dantidurga, Krishna-I has ruled the Rashtrakutas Kingdom. Note: He carried conquests that were started by Dantidurga, occupied Southern Konkan and sent crown - Prince Govinda-II to Vengi and they defeated Vengi Chalukyan ruller Vishnuvardhana-IV and occupied some territories 26) During the time of Krishna-I, the rivalry started between the Vengi Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas 27) Krishna had the titles of 'Subhattunga ' and 'Akalavarshudu' 28) Krishna builds the Kailasanadha temple(Rock Cut) at Ellora and it got recognition as a world heritage site. 29) After Krishna-I, Govinda-II ruled between 772-780 A.D. He won victory in the battle of Gangavadi. 30) Govinda-II called ' Suvarna Govindaraja ' and 'Prabhuta Varsha'. 31) Dhruva(Dhruva Raja) got the throne by killing his brother Govinda-II. He defeated the kings of Kanchi, Gangadevi, Malwa, Vengi. 32) Dhruva defeated the Eastern Chalukyan ruler Vishnuvardhana-IV and married his daughter Seelamanhadevi 33) Dhruva was the first Rashtrakutas ruler who entered into Tripartite wars which took place between Pala, Pratihara, and Rashtrakutas dynasties 34) Dhruva defeated Pratihara Kanauj ruler Vatsaraja and as a mark to his victory, he adopted ' Ganga-Yamuna Torana ' as his kingdom's emblem. 35) Dhruva had the titles of 'Srivallabha' 'Nirupakelivallabha' and 'Daranava' 36) Dhruva expanded the Rashtrakutas KIngdom into a vast empire and for these his sons Karka, stambha, Govinda and Indra helped a lot 37) After Dhruva his son Govinda-III assumed power and he was the greatest among the Rashtrakutas, 38) Govinda-III had titles of 'Rajadhiraja', 'Prabhutavarsha', 'Rajaparameshwara', 'Tribhuvanadhavali', 'Sri vallabha' 'Janavallabha' and 'Kirthinarayana' 39) Govinda-III has fought wars with Pallava, Western Ganga, Ghuraja Pratihara and Pala Kings and achieved success and has defeated Pratihara king, Nagabhata-II and he was ruled for 22years. 40) In Sanjan Inscription, Govindha III greatness are mentioned 41) After Govinda-III, his son Amonghavarsha has ruled a kingdom and his original name was Saru. 42) Amoghavarsha defeated the Vengi king, Gunaga Vijayadhitya. 43) In the south, Gangavadi king, Nitidurga declared his independence and amoghavarsha defeated him 44) Amoghavarsha's daughter Chandrabbalachhen married the Ganga king's son Buttuga and another daughter Renuka Nirmadi(Revaka Sankha) married the Pallava king, Nandi Varma. 45) Amoghavarsha was a great poet, written 'kavirajamarga' the first 'alankara' work and also wrote 'Prasonttora Ratnamalika' 46)Amoghavarsha had title 'Kaviraja' Note: Jain poets of his period, Mahavira Acharya wrote 'Ganitasara Sangraha' and Saktyana wrote 'Amoghavritti'. 47) Amoghavarsha built Manyakheta(Malkhed) city and made it as capital Note: Arab traveler, Suleman described activities of Amoghavarsha and praised him as one of the four great emperors in the world. 48) Amoghavarsha adopted Janism and has observed 'Sallekhanavrata' and died. 49) After Amoghavarsha his son KrishnaII, became the king, from his time on wards decline of the Rashtrakutas started 50) Eastern Chalukya Kings Gunaga Vijadhitya has invaded Rashtrakutas kingdom and destroyed Kiranapur, Archalapur and Chakrakuta cities 51) Krishna II gave his daughter in marriage to Chola King, Adhitya-I. 52) After Krishna-II, Indra III(914-928 A.D) ruled the kingdom and in his time Arab traveler Al-Masudi visited the Rashtrakutas Kingdom 53) Rashtrakutas got back to glory in the time of Krishna III, He Invaded Chola Kingdom and killed Crown- prince Rajaditya and assumed the title of Tanjavoor Konda 54) In Takkolam Battle, Krishna III defeated Prantaka Chola I and erected victory pillar at Rameswaram 55) After Krishna III his brother Khotiga became the ruler and he ruled between 967-972 A.D 56) Khotiga died with an insult as Malwa king Harshaseyaka has defeated Khottiga and destroyed Manyakheta 57) Karkaraja II (972-973 A.D.) was the last ruler of Rastrakutas was KarkarajaII. During his period feudatories became independent 58) Chalukyan Tailapa(feudatory), ruler of Tondavadi defeated Karkaraja II and killed him and occupied Manyakheta which ended the rule of Rashrakutas permanently Note: Thilapa II established the Kalyani Chalukyan dynasty. 59) In the beginning Ellichpur, Ellora and Paithan cities remained capitals of Rashrakutas and later during Amoghavarsha's region Manyakheta used to be the capital. 60) Rashtrakutas kings assumed the titles of 'Maharajadhiraja', 'Dharavarsha' and 'Vikramavaloka'. 61) Inscriptions had details about posts of Mahamatya, Mahasandhivigrahaka. Kings, officials were appointed at different places in a kingdom called Rajasthaneeya 62) The kings divided the kingdom into Rashtra, vaishya, and villages. The 'Mahasamantha' or 'Mahamandaleswara' is the governing head of Rashtra. 63) District officials called as 'Vishayapati' and 'Bhogapati' 64) Governing head of a town called as 'Nagarapati' and for village 'Gramapati' used to be head 65) The village assembly known as 'Mahajanam' belonged to Agrahara. Combined village assemblies generally had farmer assembly. 66) Members of Janism, such as Bankaya and Sri Vijaya used to be the commander-in-chief. For Soldiers who died in the wars, the government used to give relief or pensions. 67)Police personnel consisted of 'Chorodharinukulu' and 'Dandaposikulu'. 68) Land tax was the main source of income of Rastrakutas. 'Padenela tax' levied for army maintenance and 'Sandhi Vigraha' tax was imposed for the defense of the kingdom. 69) In Rastrakutas, professional taxes are imposed for craftsmen, such as potter, washer-man, barber and blacksmith have to professional taxes. Note: Taxes like property tax, land tax, house tax, oil-mill tax, cattle tax, sheep herd tax, shop tax etc are present in Rastrakutas 70) Out of the income that was received,3 parts to army maintenance,1 part as a reserve fund and 1/12th share for charities, palace, and maintenance 71) King remained as the main judicial head and judicial administration was carried through the 'Dharmasana' that belonged to the Grama sabha. 72) In South India, agriculture land was specially referred to as 'Yeripatti' or 'Cheruvukuttu' land and tax paid as one-sixth to one-tenth of the crop from the land. 73) Textile industries became famous among all the industries. Gujarat, Berar, and Telangana remained as important centers where clothes were exported to foreign countries. 74) Cosmos indico plusters mentioned about the trade between the eastern and western coastal areas in south India and Western and southwest Asian countries. Note: Pepper, Cardamom and Pearls were main articles for export 75) 'Manigaram' was the local trade guild. 'Nagaram ' meant an organized sales center in South India. 76) Mahabalipuram, Nagapattinam, Kaveripattanam, Motupalli, and Krishnapatnam on the eastern coast and Chaul, Sopara and Calicut on the western coast are the famous port towns. 77) Rashtrakutas considered as 'Sat-Kshatriyas' a special subset among the Kshatriyas. Oridinary Kshatriyas used to follow the rites and rituals of 'Dvijas'. 78) Vaisyas belonged to trading and agriculture classes were called as 'Komaties' and 'Seths'. 79) Sudhras mainly took up the occupations of agriculture, agricultural labor and military services 80) Rattadi or Reddi, Vellala and Kapu are major sudra classes 81) ' VettiChakiri' was condemned in 'Yasastilaka', literacy work of 10th century A.D. 82) 'Gurava' community persons are able to obtain the position of Purohit in Siva temples. 83) New Religious movements such as Virasaivism, Aaradhyasaiavam, and Sri Vaishnavam were patronized by craft classes and landlord farmers. 84) Rastrakutas showed a lot of interest in the development of education and literature and temples. Temple areas are also developed as education institutions like Trayipurusha temple at Selorgi in Karnataka region that was a big college with 27 hostels 85) Vedas, Puranas, Grammer, Astrology, Literature, Philosophy, Dharmashatra, Jurisprudence and Sanskrit education used to be subjects of higher educations. Note: Rashtrakuta Kings patronized Sanskrit and Kannada literature 86) In the Dhulia inscription that was issued by Dhruva 87) In 975 AD, 200 acres(50 Mattaras) were donated to Mutt which is loacted in Bhujabheswara temple in Dharward Mandal. 88) Sanskrit was the official language in Rashtrakutas kingdom and Jain literature flourished in the Rashtrakutas kingdom 89) Sanskrit was the official language in Rashtrakutas kingdom and Jain literature flourished in the Rashtrakutas kingdom Note: King Krishna III and Halayudha wrote 'Kavairahasyam', explains the use of Sankrit Dhatuvulu and Prassati or praise of emperor Krishna 90) Jinasena was the teacher of Amoghavarsha 91) Jinasena wrote Adipurana, a biography of Jain Trithakaras was completed by his disciples 92) Jinasena in his 'Parsvabhuyudayam ' every sloka line of ' Meghasandesam' has been wounderfully applied to the life of jain parsva and therby made meaning coordination. 93) In Amoghavarsha period, work on grammar, titled amoghavritti and another work titled 'GanitaSarasangraha' were written respectively by Sakatayana and Ganitayana Vircharya 94) 'Kavirajamarga', the first work on poetics in kannada language wasauthored by Amoghavarsha and he also wrote 'Ratnamalika' and 'Neetikavuyam'. 95) Ponna, who was 2nd in the triumvirate of Kannada writers, happened to be the court poet of Krishna III, wrote 'Shanti Puranam' 96) Pampa, who was 1st in kannada triumvirate was a court poet of Vemulavada Chalukyas wrote Adipura and Vikramarjuna Vijayam. 97) In Rashtrakutas, cave temples were carved at ellora. 1st cave, Dantidurga build the Dasavatara temple. Nandi mandapam in this temple stands as an ancient monument of rashtrakutas art. 98)Other famous structures consist of 'ChhotoKailasa' temple among the cave temples at ellora, the mandapam infront of 15th cave and jain temple at Pattadakal. 99) Kailasanatha temple(rock-cut temple) at Ellora has been the artistic creation of Krishna I, it has been a wonderful masterpiece of sculptures that explained episodes in Puranas of Hinduism Note: Other famous structures consist of 'ChhotoKailasa' temple, the mandapam infront of 15th cave and jain temple at Pattadakal. 100) The Dasavatara temple was built with wounderful Sculpture, decorated with the images of saiva and vaishnava gods and goddesses. 101) In Rastrakutas times, 'kalamukha' and 'Kopalika' sects were prevailing. By Inscriptions sources of 9th C.E A.D. proving that a new non-Brahmin devotee group known as 'Gurava' has come into existence. 102) Srisailam recognized as a great 'kalipaka' centers. 103) Rashtrakutas kings had the title of sreePrathiviVallabha', declared themselves as the avatara or the incarnation of vishnu. 104) Sriparvatam is the important center for the worship of 'Vajrapani Dharani' 105) The teachers and Professors in this movement are called 'siddhus ' and Kalipanika Vedukas like 'Mantra','Mudra' and 'Mandala' are implied in Vijraya form of Worship. and by 12th and 13th-century A.d. Amaravati, Guntupalli, Sriparvatam or Nagarjuna Konda and Salihundam in Andhra. 106) During the time of the Rashtrakutas, Jainsm had greater prominence than Buddhism 107) Famous Jain sects- Muasangha, Yavaneeya, and Dravidasangha predominate in Andhra. Perur, Danuvalapadu, Vemulapadu, Ramathirtam, Hanumakonda, Patancheruvu, Kollipaaka were been famous Jain centers in Andhra region 108) Rashtrakutas king Amoghavarasha I and Chamundraya were famous patrons of janism. Among several Jain temples centers, Sravanabelagola in Karnataka was most famous. 109) Dasavatara temple at Ellora, Kailasanadha temple and the statue of Maheswara in elephanta island stand as great specimens for their rock-cut architecture.Rashtrakutas MCQ Questions Bit Bank
1. Who felt that Rashtrakutas belonged to the Rathor descendent of north India? a) R.G.Bhandarkar b) Dr. Fleet c) Dr. Barnal d) None of the aboveb) Dr. Fleet
c) Manyakheta
a) Dr. Barnal
d) Indra Raja-I
b) Dantidurga
a) 753 A.D.
d) Vikramaditya-I
a) 758 A.D.
b) Nandivarma-II
c) Krishna-I
b) Krishna-I
b) Ellora
c) 772 - 780 A.D.
d) All the above
a) Ganga-Yamuna Torana
c) Amoghavarsha
a) Krishna-II
a) Al-Masudi
c) Govinda-IV
b) 928-929 A.D.
a) 967-972 A.D.
b) Karkaraja-II
c) Thilapa-II
d) All the above
b) Mahamantri
a) Rajastaneeya
c) Both(a) & (b)
a) Bhagopati
c) Both(a)&(b)
a) Land tax
a) Padenela tax
b) Dharmasana
c) Both (a)&(b)
b) Sat-Kshatriyas
a) 'Komaties' and 'Seths'
a) Gurava
c) education and literature
b) Sanskrit
c) Halayudha
a) Adipurana
a) Ellora
a) Varma-II
b) Kalamukha
a) Siddhus
c) 793-814 A.D.
a) 22
c) Rashtrakutas
b) sravanabelagola
a) Ellora
c) Both (a) and (b)
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