Portuguese Advent of India
On May 17th, 1498, Vascodagama discovered sea route to India and reached Calicut. He was received by Zamorin king of Calicut
Background of Protuguese Advent
In 1486, Diaz a Portuguese sailor started exploring sea route. He started journey from Lisbon and reached end point of Africa and named it as cape of storms. But optimist Portuguese empire renamed as cape of good hopes.
In 1492, Columbus started his journey from Spain which was sponsored by Spain king. He Calculated approximate 15,000 km distance to touch Eastern land, But he accidentally touched land(US) with journey of 5,000 km.
Later, Amerigo Vespucci a Italian sailor was sent to conform American Continent. He told new Continents were present in the Earth world(Western Side), so with his name we calls Continents as South America and North America.
Vasco da gama reached Madagascar from cape of good hopes and reached Calicut with the help of Gujarat merchant present in Madagascar, thus new sea route was discovered. This route is called cape route.
By Suez route, distance from from Europe to India is reduced by 10,000 km.
Zamorin, King of Calicut welcomed Vasco da gama, he purchased Black peeper and sold in Vince’s( Austria).
Portuguese were first to come India and last to leave India.
In 1500,a Portuguese company established to trade with India called as Estado Da India.
Some important Settlement of Portuguese in India
Kerala
Calicut
cochin
Cananoru
Maharashtra Coast
Bombay
Salsetty
Bassein
Konkan Coast
Goa
Gujarat
Surat
Bhavanagar
Diu and Daman
Bengal
Hugli
Chittoganag
Satgoan
Governors of Portuguese in India
First Governor, Francis De Almida (1504 – 09)
Second Governor, Albuquerque (1509 – 15)
In 1510, he conqurred Goa from Bijapur
In 1511, he Concluded a friendly treaty with Sri Krishna devaraya
Third Governor, Nino De Cunha
In 1530, he shifted capital from Cochin to Goa
He killed Gujarat king, Bahadrushah
Portuguese Contribution to India
1 Portuguese introduced new crops in India
Tobacco
Maize
Green Chilles
2 In 1556, they setup first printing press in Goa
English Bible is first printed book in the world
In India, they printed St. Peter Charita in Marathi language
3 They Promoted Christianity by Christian missionaries
Francis Xavier, Portuguese Evangelist converted 7 lakh people in Goa and Nagapatanam. His dead body persevered in Bom Jesus Basilica in Goa Church, its World Heritage site.
Decline of Portuguese in India
Portuguese has monopoly over trade in India about 100 years.
In 1600’s Portuguese were defeated by Mughals, Marathas and other foreigners
Shahjahan captured all Bengal settlements of Portuguese
Maratha’s, Peeshwa Baji Rao I, caputured Sal Setty and Bassein in Maharasta
Portugues were left with only 3 settlements Goa, Diu and Daman. They maintained these 3 settlements till 1961.
In 1961, Operation Vijay (military operation) , Portuguese forceably expelled and these areas were integrated into India
Thus Portuguese were First to come and Last to leave India
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