Homework Help: Questions and Answers: If you are a rely router for a packet, what are the ToDS and FromDS bits set to?
A. 00
B. 01
C. 10
D. 11
E. 22
Answer:
First, let’s understand what ToDS and FromDS bits is:
In the context of wireless networking, particularly in IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) networks, the ToDS and FromDS bits are part of the Frame Control field in the MAC header. These bits are used to indicate the direction of the data transmission in relation to the Distribution System (DS).
- ToDS (To Distribution System): This bit is set to 1 if the frame is destined for the DS, meaning it’s being sent to an access point.
- FromDS (From Distribution System): This bit is set to 1 if the frame is coming from the DS, meaning it’s being sent from an access point.
Given Options: Step by Step Answering
a) 00
- The frame is being sent between two stations in an ad-hoc (IBSS) network, where there is no involvement of a DS (access point).
- Neither from nor to DS
b) 01
- The frame is being sent from a DS (i.e., from an access point to a station).
- Not from DS, but to DS
c) 10
- The frame is being sent to a DS (i.e., from a station to an access point).
- From DS, but not to DS
d) 11
- The frame is being relayed between two access points, involving both “to DS” and “from DS” paths.
- Both from and to DS
e)22
- This is Invalid (binary bits can only be 0 or 1)
Final Answer
Based on the above analysis, the correct setting for this situation is:
D. 11 (both ToDS and FromDS are set to 1), indicating the frame is being relayed between two access points or routers in the DS.
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